SA 60s Science

Forest Canopy Color Reveals CO2 Uptake

Trees take carbon dioxide, or CO2, from the atmosphere and convert it into biomass. By sopping up CO2 they help to stabilize the climate. But at the same time, they’re also affected by climate, for example, budding earlier in the season as global temperatures rise.
To understand how all this balances out, ecologists monitor how forests take up CO2. It’s a costly business that involves using a network of 500 instrument towers worldwide. So researchers got to wondering whether there might be an easier way to keep an eye on photosynthesis. And they found that digital cameras do the trick.
Analyzing two years’ worth of snaps taken every half hour in a forest in southern England, the researchers discovered that a tree’s leafy colors provide a good proxy for its photosynthetic productivity. So next time you go for a walk in the woods, take only photos. And leave only data points.

Humidity Levels Explain U.S. Flu Winter Peak 

Cases of the flu peak in winter in the U.S. But why? A new study suggests it’s not the heat, but the humidity. Or lack thereof. Because in temperate regions, the influenza virus fares best when the weather is dry. That’s according to work published in the journal PLoS One. [Wan Yang, Subbiah Elankumaran and Linsey C. Marr, Relationship between Humidity and Influenza A Viability in Droplets and Implications for Influenza’s Seasonality]
Scientists have long debated why flu erupts when the days grow chilly. Is it that we spend more time cooped up together indoors? Or is there something about the virus that likes it cold and dry? To find out, researchers suspended influenza virus in a solution that mimics human mucus. They incubated this infectious soup at different humidities and measured viral survival.
And they found that at low humidity, the fake mucus dries up and the virus does just fine. But when the humidity tops 50%, the droplets only partially evaporate, leaving behind a solution that’s too salty for the virus to thrive.
Interestingly, the virus does well again when the humidity reaches 100 percent, evaporation stops and the salinity of the mucus bath is juuust right. That could explain why the flu prefers to hit the tropics in rainy season. And why you should always keep your nose clean, but moist.

計算acos的簡單範例，先用以下公式求出cos值，再利用acos得到角度

/* acos example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

#define PI 3.14159265

int main ()
{
  double param, result;
  param = 0.5;
  result = acos (param) * 180.0 / PI;
  printf ("The arc cosine of %lf is %lf degrees.\n", param, result );
  return 0;
}

參考

• cplusplus.com
• Dihedraal angle

這個禮拜最令我傷神的，不過幸好很久以前有想過一次，所以要回復記憶比較沒有那麼困難。首先我先把C++版本的linked list刻出來，當然骨幹是參考別人的，然後自己有改了些東西，沒花多久時間很快就用出來了。

以下是標頭檔：

class CKLinkList{
    private:
        struct node {
            int x;
            int y;
            int z;
            node *link;
        } *p;

        int count_i;

    public:
        CKLinkList();
        void append(int);
        void insert_after(int,int);
        void insert_first(int);

        void display(void);
        void display_line(void);
        int length(void);
        void del(int);
        ~CKLinkList();
};

接下來是實作

#include <iostream>
#include "linklist.h"

using namespace std;

CKLinkList::CKLinkList(){
    p = NULL;
    count_i = 0;
};

int CKLinkList::length(){
    return count_i;
};

void CKLinkList::del(int num){
    node *q, *r;
    q = p;

    // No node
    if (p == NULL) return;

    // Delete the first node
    if (q->x == num){
        p = q->link;
        delete q;
        count_i--;
        return;
    }

    // Delete the remainder
    r = q;
    while( q != NULL){
        if (q->x == num){
            r->link = q->link;
            delete q;
            count_i--;
            return;
        }

        r = q;
        q = q->link;
    }
};

void CKLinkList::insert_first(int num){

    node *q, *t;
    q = p;

    t = new node;
    t->x = num;
    t->y = num*2;
    t->z = num*3;

    t->link = q;
    p = t;
    count_i++;
};

void CKLinkList::insert_after(int start_val,int num){
    node *q, *t;

    if (start_val != 0){
        q = p;
        while(q->link != NULL){
            if (q->x == start_val){

                t = new node;
                t->x = num;
                t->y = num*2;
                t->z = num*3;
                t->link = q->link;
                q->link = t;

                count_i++;
                return;
            }

            q = q->link;
        }
    }
};

void CKLinkList::append(int num){
    node *q, *t;

    if (p == NULL){
        p = new node;
        p->x = num;
        p->y = num*2;
        p->z = num*3;
        p->link = NULL;
    } else {
        q = p;
        while(q->link != NULL){
            q = q->link;
        }

        t = new node;
        t->x = num;
        t->y = num*2;
        t->z = num*3;
        t->link = NULL;
        q->link = t;
    }

    count_i++;
};

void CKLinkList::display_line(void){
    node *q;

    for(q = p; q != NULL; q = q->link){
        cout << " <- " << q->x;
    }

    cout << endl;
};

void CKLinkList::display(void){
    node *q;

    for(q = p; q != NULL; q = q->link){
        cout << "This is : " << q->x << ", " << q->y << ", " << q->z << endl;
    }
};

CKLinkList::~CKLinkList(){
    node *q;
    if (p == NULL) return;

    while (p != NULL){
        q = p->link;
        delete p;
        p = q;
    }
};

接下來我看到了一個使用C++ template去實作的版本，應該說是某個老師的教學課程(參考第10,11,12章)，我就順便把她的課程講義看過一遍，然後把他的版本做出來。第一次使用C++的template，雖然滿麻煩的，但是真的是很強大，看來以後搞不好我的每個程式都要用template去做出來。以下是template的版本：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template <class T>
class ChainNode {
    private:

    public:
        T data;
        ChainNode<T> *link;

        ChainNode(void){};
        ChainNode(const T& data){ this->data = data; };
        ChainNode(const T& data, ChainNode<T> *link){
            this->data = data;
            this->link = link;
        };
};

template <class T>
class Chain {
    private:
        ChainNode<T> *first;
        int count;

    public:
        Chain(void){ first = NULL; count = 0; };
        bool isEmpty() const {return first == NULL;}
        int IndexOf(const T&) const;
        int size(void){return count;}
        void Delete(int);
        void Insert(int,const T&);
        void Display(void);
        ~Chain();
};

// Destruction
template <class T>
Chain<T>::~Chain() {

    while (first != NULL){
        ChainNode<T> *next = first->link;
        delete first;
        first = next;
    }
};

template <class T>
int Chain<T>::IndexOf(const T& theElement) const{

    ChainNode<T> *currentNode = first;
    int index = 0;
    while(currentNode != NULL && currentNode->data != theElement){
        currentNode = currentNode->link;
        index++;
    }

    if (currentNode == NULL)
        return -1;
    else
        return index;
};

template <class T>
void Chain<T>::Delete(int theIndex){
    if (first == NULL) throw "Can not delete empty chain";

    ChainNode<T> *deleteNode;
    if (theIndex == 0){
        deleteNode = first;
        first = first->link;
        delete deleteNode;
        count--;

    } else {
        ChainNode<T> *p = first;
        for(int i =0; i< theIndex-1; i++){
            if (p == NULL) throw "Element not exist";
            p = p->link;
        }

        deleteNode = p->link;
        p->link = p->link->link;
        delete deleteNode;
        count--;
    }
}

template <class T>
void Chain<T>::Insert(int theIndex, const T& theElement){
    if (theIndex < 0) throw "Bad";

    if (theIndex == 0){
        first = new ChainNode<T>(theElement,first);
        count++;
    } else {
        ChainNode<T> *p = first;
        for(int i = 0; i < theIndex-1; i++){
            if (p == NULL) throw "Not Exist";
            p = p->link;
        }
        
        p->link = new ChainNode<T>(theElement, p->link);
        count++;
    }
};

template <class T>
void Chain<T>::Display(void){

    ChainNode<T> *p = first;

    while(p != NULL){
        cout << " <- " << p->data;
        p = p->link;
    }
    cout << endl;
};

int main() {
    cout << "This is LinkList .." << endl;

    Chain<int> *list = new Chain<int>;
    cout << "Size: " << list->size() << endl;

    list->Insert(0,1);
    list->Display();
    list->Insert(0,2);
    list->Display();
    list->Insert(1,3);
    list->Display();
    list->Insert(1,4);
    list->Display();
    list->Insert(0,5);
    list->Display();
    list->Delete(2);
    list->Display();

    cout << "Size: " << list->size() << endl;
}

繼續努力加油吧，這星期把linked list搞完之後還有很多要充實的，以上的source code都公布在github上看(其實blog根本不適合看這麼多程式碼是吧XD)。

剛剛喵了一下我的跑步計畫，Tempo Run的配速看了之後覺得還有些不輕鬆。約8KM的距離速度在pace 5左右。根據最近這兩個禮拜在操場跑下來的結果，似乎400m@120s需要熱個將近10圈之後才有可能，所以我看短時間還是先把目標速訂在130s然後再慢慢加到120s。

從網路上轉貼來的sublime2快捷鍵，我想我應該滿需要的

以下根據Runners world的smart coach給出來的課表，目標是在12/31達到半馬1:50

WEEK 1: 27 KM

Tue Nov 27 Easy Run Dist: 3 KM @6:02 Thu Nov 29 Tempo Run Dist: 8 KM, inc Warm; 5 KM @ 5:05; Cool Fri Nov 30 Easy Run Dist: 3 KM @6:02 Sun Dec 2 Long Run Dist: 13 KM @6:02

Superchargers and Turbosuperchargers

Differnce

Supercharger relies on engine-driven air pump or compressor, turbosupercharger use engine exhaust streams run through turbine and then spin the compressor.

Turbochargers

Cons

1. Most efficient way to increase horsepower.
2. Engine horsepower don't decrease is avoided.
3. Ability to maintain control over engine's horsepower from sea level to critical altitude.

Elements

1. Compressor
2. turbine

Since the temperature of gas rises whiling it compresses, many turbocharger use intercooler to decrease it to avoid detonation.

Ignition System

以下內容來自ihower，把它收集起來以後可以慢慢看。

最近小小的研究了一下Mojo跟Plack，根據Mojo的說明把大概需要的功能都把他摸出來，然後再用Plack啟動mojo的application，感覺相當的清爽。完完全全就像是把網頁當成是一個應用程式來撰寫，不過用的是Perl罷了，我想這類的應用伴隨未來PaaS的發達需求應該會越來越高。

可以寫網頁程式的選擇多了，可以把許多不同性質的工作分配在不同的語言平台上，預計會有這些項目：

1. BioInfo Site：這部分的規畫還是以PHP為主，Framework的部分還是CI，但是邏輯程可能需要大改寫(一天到晚都在改寫.....)。
2. 生物資訊程式：上禮拜把架構訂下來之後，預計之後的程式都要按照新的架構翻修，包含測試的程式也需要加入。最後這些程式會變成系統的底層，並依照使用的需求去做更新，也可以支援網頁查詢的部分。總之我要讓他完完全全的自動化，只是目前控制介面跟控制方法缺很大(沒時間想要怎麼實現比較好)。
3. Job控制介面：目前看來有可能會用Plack做服務器，然後中介層用Mojo寫，這是為了要可以方便直接使用底層的Perl工具，以後要維護起來也比較方便。

                                                                                               

從gugod大的網頁看來的，投影片連結，如果有時間的話再來玩玩

從Youtube找來的VOR Navigation教學，目前看了一到四

連結：
航圖資料
航圖說明

RCTP航圖解說

以下是2012/7/21的單字卡更新，主要是針對6 Minutes English一些有趣的單字，選取右下角FlashCards模式開始。

喔喔，真的是比想像中的簡單喔，當然第一步就是先把專案clone下來

git clone https://XX@code.google.com/p/project

然後編輯完之後呢，要建立~/.netrc檔案，裏頭的內容大概如下

machine code.google.com login USERNAME password XXXXXXXXX

這部分內容其實你進去https://code.google.com/hosting/settings這個網址之後他就會告訴你。剛開始我push一直失敗，說我使用者名稱跟密碼錯誤，後來發現我的使用者名稱要把@gmail.com拿掉就ok了，但是其實我也不知道為什麼，因為網頁上面告訴我的是USERNAME@gmail.com，不過呢不管他，反正我現在也可以用git使用Google Code的空間。

最後呢就直接這樣下

git push origin master

完成，我想我可以開始把一些文件放到這裡來了。

有趣的東西，紀錄一下
以及http://search.cpan.org/~sixapart/TheSchwartz-1.10/lib/TheSchwartz.pm

今天天氣有些悶，但是又沒太陽，看起來隨時都會下雨的樣子。果然要出門游泳時，就給我下大雨了，沒想到還沒進到游泳池就開始濕了...。

果然跟我猜測的一樣，因為下雨，所以人比較少。一下水就感到一股寒意，趕快救自由式給他衝了出去，前兩趟還很有力的時候，感覺還滿不賴的，但是游到3,4百公尺時，開始有種不知道該怎麼游的狀況。划的快些感覺比較順，可是又無法持久，划的慢又好像整個身體動作不順，連換氣也變得不好，前500就已經游了15分鐘，比上次慢了些，然後身體感覺又有比較好些，於是就在35分鐘左右游完1000m。

游完1000後，開始想要慢慢游了，於是開始放慢節奏，體會每次划手時的感覺，這時候開始習慣用轉身的力量帶到手臂往後划，發現這樣的小改變竟然讓我整體游起來的感覺順了不少，就好像抓到了一種tempo，然後你就會只想要維持這樣的tempo一直游，身體也沒有疲勞或者是換氣不足或不順的情形，感覺就是很順。這時候其實腳已經開始慢慢的在休息了，游到後來我根本就是一直注意有沒有維持住這樣的感覺，完全沒有再想游了多遠多久，即使到了岸邊也捨不得停下來馬上又再出發，感覺真的是超棒。

最後1000m，也花了35分鐘，雖然有些慢，不過感覺身體很暢快，只是肚子變得很餓。離開游泳池馬上跑去學生餐廳買了改麵包來啃，回家的路上再去買奶茶，真的是很滿足。游泳前量64公斤，游完泳量還是64，我還以為這麼餓一定是消耗掉不少能量，應該會瘦一些，果然這都是我的錯覺。總之棒透了，等到這樣的tempo游順之後，再開始加快速度，蛙式我真的不知道要怎樣快，不過至少自由是我知道要怎麼做，加油吧。

Perl Plack，目前還滿感興趣的一個專案，希望之後有時間可以慢慢研究該怎樣利用這個東西。
還有另一個，Plack的作者寫的

這禮拜天跑去考了個TOEIC，很爽。

三個禮拜多前跑去買了個金色證書的題庫還有聽力，聽力的部分當天就聽掉了一半，然後下禮拜又聽掉1/4，題庫的部分就做了一回。

悲劇來了，之後兩個禮拜都沒有念書，雖然我有很多藉口可以用，不過不應該就是不應該。轉眼兩個多禮拜過去，啥事都沒做的我就上戰場了，感覺還滿機車的。慶幸的是聽力狀況比我做模擬試題好，感覺像是抓到聽題目的tempo，等結果出來就知道是不是自我感覺良好。閱讀部分結果如何也不知道，不過就很驚險地把題目寫完。當初做完第一回模擬試題時才在想說要把做題速度練習到10分鐘前做完而且至少要對80題以上，不過好像就真的變成了想....

考完回來的感想就是，要一直專注做一件事情就必須把它變成習慣。趁這次機會好好的規劃一下每天的作息，這樣才能在平常就做到累積自己的實力。而且，我也不擅長考試跟臨時抱佛腳這兩件事，平常不努力點，連實力都拿不出來不是嗎？

KM	時間
1KM	5'34.012
2KM	5'37.340
3KM	5'33.869
4KM	5'35.727
5KM	5'41.150
6KM	5'32.349
7KM	5'39.074
8KM	5'38.763
9KM	5'41.904
10KM	5'03.347

下午回來看看接近傍晚，差不多準備可以去跑個10KM，恰巧想到既然是跑操場就測個時間。於是隨手找了個碼表APP然後就準備出發了。本來以為 可能跑沒多久就會下雨，已經做好淋雨的心理準備，沒想到就一直維持陰陰的天氣，真的是滿幸運的。

操場上人很多，就這樣一直繞一直繞，剛開始按手機的lap還有點按不大到(應該要設計大一點的阿)，而且因為是200m操場，每跑一圈我就會計一下時間，總覺得很多時間都是在低頭按手機。就這樣一直跑著跑著，到最後1KM時想說應該來練習一下衝刺，於是開始每圈加速度，一直到最後兩圈的時候已經是用比平常快很多的速度跑了，到最後一圈 200m有種莫名的快感，不過到終點前1Xm的地方就慢下來了。

看看時間約55分鐘快56，慢慢的走完一圈之後又跑了1KM才回家。感覺很充實，也了解自己平常跑10KM的速度變化。我想要把10Km穩定跑到50分鐘內應該還需要滿久的努力，上次至善路跑回程有下坡的助力也才53分鐘，還是要持續提升跑步的強度才行，希望下次測可以壓到平均5'20左右。

以下是每200m的時間
-----
1'11.649
1'14.514
1'08.672
1'07.851
1'07.511
-----
1'07.464
1'07.711
1'10.404
1'04.065
1'07.700
-----
1'06.859
1'06.693
1'06.902
1'06.852
1'06.563
-----
1'07.474
1'06.996
1'07.094
1'06.696
1'07.467
-----
1'08.056
1'07.832
1'08.080
1'07.644
1'09.538
-----
1'04.260
1'09.680
1'04.741
1'06.674
1'06.994
-----
1'07.563
1'07.601
1'08.656
1'06.850
1'08.404
-----
1'07.338
1'08.799
1'07.639
1'07.567
1'07.420
-----
1'08.453
1'06.979
1'08.332
1'08.612
1'09.528
-----
1'05.996
1'03.683
1'04.349
0'57.510
0'51.809
-----

這是某一次在PTT看到的配速表，我想應該滿有用的，就放在這裡以後方便我回來看。

又是這一條，從至善國中往山上跑5KM後折返，共10KM路程
今年，我弟也加入了行列。但重點是報名費200，跑完再退200，哪裡找的到這樣免錢的路跑活動呢？

這 是場人數只有8百多人的小比賽，但是卻是我所有跑過10KM的賽事最愉快的。人很少，在起跑點頂多delay十幾秒鐘全部人就會通過起跑點，沒有時間差問 題；他在山上，空氣好，車子也不多，兩旁都是別墅，周末在這條路上常常可以看到跑步或騎腳踏車的人，感覺很好；有點靠爸的上坡加上史上最爽的下坡。

在 起跑點時，我弟問我說我要跑多久，因為他沒跑過山路不知道要跑多快，打算跟我跑，我回他一個半小時XD。正要起跑時明明天空的只有幾片雲，但是卻不知道從 哪飄來一陣雨，還好只是一陣而已，沒想到身體都還沒熱起來老天就急著幫大家冷卻。照往例，2-3公里之間的長距離上坡還是爬得很辛苦，即使已經是第四次跑 這條路我還是對這一段長距離的上坡一點辦法都沒有，還好最近練比較勤，沒有讓速度降太多，過了這一段之後就沒太大的障礙，就這樣奔向5KM折返。

在 5KM折返時，我注意了時間約29分鐘，是不怎麼樣的速度，但是比之前幾次都還快了。根據多次10KM的經驗，很多次比賽都是前5KM跑太慢了，跑了個 35分鐘，後面就算跑了個24,25分鐘也要一個小時。所以這一次有盯住速度，加上人沒有很多，所以不會有路被擋住的問題。後面5Km就是只有狂奔下山， 根據我弟說法，5KM折返點前他都在我後面，6KM之後就看著我越來越遠。他第一次跑這條山路，下山的5KM完全不想動，所以就慢慢的龜下來，我 51'59，他54'53。

倒是在回程的時候，我先看到我媽，然後再看到我爸，心想我爸這次不知道在幹嘛怎麼會跑這麼後 面。結果到了終點後才聽我爸說她看到至少有4個男生是貼女生的號碼布代跑，所以他就跑在後面一個一個看，一邊跟裁判檢舉，還順便一邊幫我媽數名次。他說她 總共看到30個女生跑在我媽前面，大部分都很年輕，照理來說我媽在女甲的排名應該很前面，結果沒有前10，他就覺得很奇怪，最後他的結論是很多人代跑，至 少他抓了4個....

不過這也不是很重要，或許有人需要這份榮耀，就給他們吧，相信大部分熱愛這運動的人都不會是這樣。我 媽還說，像這種小比賽都沒有什麼年輕的女生來比，真的是可惜。但是像明天的Nike女生路跑一定大部分都是年輕人(可是報名費800，很貴)，可是跑完的 成就感一定沒這場好，因為不小心分組排名就會很前面，空氣新鮮，也不用在沙丁魚堆裡慢跑，重點還是免費，還有紀念品跟毛巾可以拿，來跑這一場的都是內行人

還好這次比賽成績有進步，不然不僅要一邊擔心被阿Low給追上來，可能不小心還會被我弟給碾過去，壓力好大阿，下次要找機會在平地10KM的比賽拼50分鐘內

超爽，這禮拜到今天為止總共是34KM，達成個人無比賽週跑量新高。

雖然跟很多高手比，這可能只有他們的一半，但是高手也是要從初學者慢慢進步，而我也努力的開始提升自己跑步的量，讓自己在這條路上走得更快些。

從第13禮拜開始到這禮拜(15)，分別是21、23、29及34KM，已經成功地慢慢把10KM練跑的次數增加，這禮拜跑了兩次10KM，分別是禮拜四跟今天，感覺對自己還滿有幫助的。過去練跑總是跑個5或6KM，直到周末才會來個10KM，目前就是希望慢慢的把平常每天的練習量盡量都提高到10KM。

至少以我現在的程度，10KM跑一休一身體是可以完全恢復的，看看能不能提高到2,4,6跑10KM，而中間的日子就看身體狀況跑，不過基本上也是5.2起跳。如過狀況允許再把禮拜六或禮拜日的練習量提高到15KM，這真是太完美了，加油。

最近的新聞好像都繞著Instagram被FB買下，這價碼還真的頗高的，很難想像這樣的小公司可以創造這麼大的價值，這應該就是一堆在網路上創業的人夢寐以求的目標吧。

尤其在現在各種網路技術都相當的成熟，許多很成功的網站看起來技術層面的門檻都不會很高，但是都贏在創意，只有第一沒有第二。一旦市場上出現了這樣的網站之後，即使在接下來的一兩個月內出現一大堆clone的網站，但是在市場上的佔有率都不會比第一個出現來的高。

感覺如果能自己在網路上寫個很有趣的網站給大家玩，應該是會很有成就感的阿。尤其在接觸了EC2之後這種感覺更深，好像是得到了一個很有力的工具，但是卻不知道該如何用這工具去發揮自己的創意，應該要好好思考不是嗎？如果有一天你有足夠的人力跟財力，你能做出怎樣的事業去成就自己，也去幫助大家。

感覺我應該要用世界和平做結尾才是...哈哈

5.46元耶，比我想像中的多了一些，應該說高興嗎？填息完也必須要回到我的成本才行，離股利發放還有好長一陣時間，就好好地等待，ㄎㄎ。

最近已經開始恢復之前的訓練量，希望今年半馬的成績能進步，看來看去應該就下面這些賽事看了比較想參加，其他就再說。另外老爸今年應該會完成百馬，所以至少會要跑一場全馬，到時候再看看，我猜應該是年底。

2012/4/21，士林區路跑，10KM
2012/5/13，金城桐花杯，21KM
2012/5/27，海山路跑，21KM
2012/7/15，陽明山路跑，21KM
2012/10/6，合歡山越野
2012/10/14，議長杯，21KM


於11:42更新：

剛剛跑完5.2KM創下最快紀錄，不記一下對不起我自己，最近感覺身體狀況很不錯，已經很久沒有跑這麼勤了，只能說公司事情多加上天氣也太冷了。幸好最近一切都有轉好的跡象，如果當我們的身體變好了，就表示我們的生活變好了；而生活變好了就表示所有的事慢慢的都變得更順利了。

最近一直在思考，如何把自己所學的以及所做過的東西，展現給別人了解。雖然埋頭苦幹是必須的，但是在適當的時機還是要學習如何表現自己的能力，畢竟當你越能展現出你的實力給別人之後，也能更有信心地應付各種挑戰，當然前提是要有實力，沒有實例一切都是枉然。

昨天很無聊地在104用Perl找了一下，畢竟這不是個熱門的語言，但沒想到還是有很多公司以及工作都需要這項技能，讓我驚訝了一下。雖然現在PHP或者是Python及Ruby甚至到Javascript都紅到不行，但是很多時候卻無法讓我拋棄掉Perl，因為她最簡單卻也最Powerful。想想我在公司這幾年寫了這麼多的Module，但總是沒有辦法很有效率地把這些工具組合再一起成為一個更大的Tool，真的是很可惜，太有彈性卻也是發展的限制之一。

或許在寫程式之前，我們更應該要多思考一下....就跟跑步一樣，不是思考怎麼跑完眼前這1KM的路，而是思考如何分配體力，讓我們更輕鬆更有效率地跑完21KM。

OK，收工準備睡覺。

CARL AZUZ, HOST, CNN STUDENT NEWS: The end of winter brought a huge snowstorm to one U.S. state, but probably not a state you associate with snow. That story`s coming up. I`m Carl Azuz. This is CNN Student News.

First up, voters are casting ballots in Illinois today as that state holds its Republican presidential primary. A lot of experts are describing this as a showdown between former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney, the front-runner, and former Senator Rick Santorum.

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AZUZ (voice-over): Governor Romney just enjoyed a win in Puerto Rico on Sunday. He got more than 80 percent of the vote in the primary there, so he won all of Puerto Rico`s 20 delegates.

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AZUZ: There are 54 delegates up for grabs in Illinois today, and it takes 1,144 delegates to win the Republican presidential nomination. Here`s how things stack up right now.

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AZUZ (voice-over): The latest estimates from CNN shows Governor Romney with 519 delegates. Senator Santorum has 239, former House Speaker Newt Gingrich has 138 and CNN estimates U.S. Representative Ron Paul has 69 delegates.

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AZUZ: One thing all the candidates, including the president, have been talking about recently -- gas prices. If you or your parents drive, you know they are on the way up. The national average price for a gallon of gasoline has been rising every day for more than a week now.

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AZUZ (voice-over): It`s currently $3.84. That`s the average. It`s actually more expensive in some places, and cheaper in others, because of the cost of oil, taxes and distribution. The record price was $4.11 in July of 2008.

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AZUZ: Rick Vincent now show us how gas prices are fueling political fire.

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RICK VINCENT, CNN REPORTER (voice-over): Prices at the pump climbed steadily beginning March 9th after a few days of slight declines. They rose on the back of soaring oil prices. President Obama put a spotlight on the issue in his weekly address. He outlined his energy policy and knocked Republican presidential candidate Newt Gingrich for campaigning on a promise of $2.50 gas.

BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: It`s easy to promise a quick fix when it comes to gas prices. There just isn`t one. Anyone who tells you otherwise, any career politician who promises some three-point plan for $2 gas, they`re not looking for a solution. They`re just looking for your vote.

VINCENT (voice-over): Campaigning over the weekend, Rick Santorum said high gas prices are leading to inflation, and he says it`s only going to get worse.

FORMER SEN. RICK SANTORUM, R-PA., PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: It`s going to have a ripple effect if $4, and in some places now, $5 a gallon gasoline, and they`re talking $5 and maybe even $6 in some areas.

VINCENT (voice-over): Right now, the highest price nationally is in Hawaii at an average of $4.48 a gallon.

Mitt Romney said the president is not the right person to tackle such problems.

FORMER GOV. MITT ROMNEY, R-MASS., PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: The president learned about the economy by reading about it --

(LAUGHTER)

ROMNEY: -- not by living it. Twenty-five years in business taught me how jobs come and how they go.

VINCENT (voice-over): I`m Rick Vincent reporting.

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UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Today`s Shoutout goes out to Coach Streiffert`s economics classes at Waccamaw High School in Pawleys Island, South Carolina. What is the state nickname of Arizona? Here we go. Is it the Land of Enchantment, Desert State, Last Frontier or Grand Canyon State? You`ve got three seconds, now go.

Arizona gets its nickname from its most famous natural feature, the Grand Canyon. That`s your answer, and that`s your Shoutout.

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AZUZ: You might think of Arizona as the Desert State. Its usually warm weather is a big draw for tourists. Not this past weekend, though. While people all over the central and eastern U.S. were enjoying early spring temperatures --

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AZUZ (voice-over): -- parts of Arizona were dealing with this: massive snowstorms. The city of Flagstaff got 10-14 inches of snow over the weekend. Officials were worried about dangerous driving conditions, especially in some of Arizona`s mountain regions.

Around 180 miles of one major interstate was shut down because of the weather. One resident talked about the major shift in temperature, saying, quote, "The other day it was 65 degrees. Next day it`s snowing. It`s crazy."

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UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Is this legit? The Amazon is the largest rain forest in the world.

Totally true. The Amazon takes up more than 2 million square miles. That`s more than half the size of the entire United States.

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AZUZ: The Amazon takes up about 40 percent of Brazil, which is one of the largest countries in the world. You probably studied rain forests; you`ve learned about how they`re rich in plant and animal life. But that same land can be used for farming as well. Shasta Darlington looks at how Brazil is trying to find a balance between economics and the environment in the Amazon.

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SHASTA DARLINGTON, CNN REPORTER: From up here, you can really get a view of the difference between these massive soybean fields and the natural Amazon forest right next door.

DARLINGTON (voice-over): We flew over the native Xingu Park and neighboring farmlands to get a better perspective of a battle that has pitched environmentalists against farmers and ranchers.

Over the last six years, Brazil has cracked down on clearcutting, reducing the rate of deforestation by 80 percent. But some say environmental gains will be undermined by a controversial forest code being debated in Congress.

"It`s a setback without the precedent, after the 23 years of progress we`ve made," says former Environment Minister Marina Silva. The bill eases limits on deforestation and extends an amnesty to some who`ve cut down trees illegally in the past.

The rural lobby in Congress thinks it doesn`t do enough to protect growers who`ve helped turn Brazil into an economic powerhouse. Unable to forge a consensus, the government has repeatedly delayed voting, but it wants the law passed before June, when Rio de Janeiro will host Rio+20, the 20th anniversary of the landmark Earth Summit.

Back in Mato Grosso, farmers like Saulo Cunha are largely supportive.

"I think the forest code will solve a lot of problems," he says. "It`ll legalize producers, who are illegal not because they want to be, but because of external factors."

Under the new code, farmers who broke the law won`t have to pay fines. They can get legal by replanting native trees.

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AZUZ: Well, in the country of Nepal, dozens of kids live in jail. They haven`t done anything wrong, but because of the nation`s poverty levels, when the kids` parents are arrested, kids have to go with them.

One woman saw what was happening and decided to do something about it. That`s why she`s one of this year`s CNN Heroes. Here`s her story.

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PUSHPA BASNET, CNN HERO: In Nepal, when parents have been arrested by the police and the children don`t have a local guardian, some children go to prison with the parents. Before (inaudible) I visited the jail, I was starting my bachelor in social work. I saw a small girl, who just grabbed my shawl and she just gave me a smile. It was really hard for me to forget that.

My name is Pushpa Basnet, and my mission is to make sure no child grows up behind prison walls. In 2005, I started a daycare where the children can come out from the jail at morning and they can go back to the jail at the afternoon.

We have children who are from 2 to 4, and they have coloring, reading, starting five days a week. We started the residential home in 2007. Currently, we have 40 children living out here, mostly above 6 years old.

I don`t get a day off, but I never get tired. The children all call me Mamu. It`s a big family, with lots and lots of love.

When I started this organization, I was 21 years old. People thought I was crazy, but this is what I wanted in my life. I`m giving them what a normal child should have. I want to fulfill all their dreams.

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AZUZ (voice-over): Well, you know about our Shoutouts. But if you`re looking for another way to get your school mentioned on the show, get in on our social media question. If you`re on Facebook, look for it at facebook.com/cnnstudentnews.

We post a new video with a new question every week, and this week it`s about time. Give us the right answer, plus the name of your school and city. You might hear it mentioned on CNN Student News.

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AZUZ: Before we go, how many turtles does it take to set a world record?

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AZUZ (voice-over): The answer? Eight hundred thirty-six. They can`t be regular turtles; they`ve got to be Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, or at least people dressed up like them. That was the goal of this raucous reptilian rally. Everyone who showed up to participate was given a free mask and shirt. It did set a new world record for the largest gathering of Ninja Turtles.

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AZUZ: But if you ask me, that many ninjas in one place sounds like a "sword-ed" affair. I just feel bad for the old record holders, because after losing the title, they`re probably just a shell of their former selves. That`s all the time we have for now, but we will "turtle-ly" be back tomorrow with more CNN Student News. See you then.

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END

CARL AZUZ, HOST, CNN STUDENT NEWS: It is Friday. That is always awesome. I`m Carl Azuz. This is CNN Student News. We`re ready to take flight with 10 minutes of commercial-free headlines starting in three, two, one --

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AZUZ: One full year -- that is how long the crisis in Syria has been going on. Opposition groups blame the violence on Syria`s government. Syrian officials say armed terrorists are responsible for the fighting.

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AZUZ (voice-over): What we know is that all of this started with protests, like the ones you see in these YouTube videos. The Syrians were speaking out against their government, calling for the change. The conflict has had a significant impact on how Syria is viewed by some other countries.

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AZUZ: And that has had an impact on Syria`s economy. John Defterios looks at the shift that some investors have made over the past 12 months.

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JOHN DEFTERIOS, CNN REPORTER (voice-over): A little over a year ago, investing in Syria seemed like a good idea. The country had avoided the worst of the global economic crisis. The private sector was opening up. A virtually untapped domestic consumer market offered real opportunities and foreign direct investment was on the rise.

But a year on, and street protests against the rule of Bashar al-Assad have led to a bloody military crackdown with thousands losing their lives. International sanctions have left the Syrian economy in tatters. Trade and investment flows are all but frozen, especially from within the region.

Qatar and the United Arab Emirates have been two of the largest investors in Syria. Before the turmoil, both countries viewed Syria as a hot market for property and construction. But now those countries appear to be limiting or, in some cases, completely stopping their projects. The state-owned Qatari Diar Real Estate Company has halted work on the $350 million resort in the poor city of Latakia.

Drake and Scull, a firm based in the UAE, recently stopped its $28 million project in the Syrian city of Homs, where troops were deployed to stamp out protests. The cash surplus countries of the Gulf used to see Syria as an investment safe haven away from the economic struggles of the West. But that notion has fundamentally changed and the future of all investments in Syria have been thrown into grave uncertainty.

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UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Today`s first Shoutout goes out to Mr. Platner`s social studies class at the Morse School in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Johannes Gutenberg is famous for doing what? Is it creating binary code, inventing the radio, discovering a polio vaccine or inventing the printing press? You`ve got three seconds, go.

Gutenberg is credited with inventing the printing press back in the 1400s. That`s your answer, and that`s your Shoutout.

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AZUZ: Britannica has printed sets of its famous encyclopedias for 244 years, but there won`t be a 245th. The company says the 32-volume set from 2010 will be its last one in book form. The reason: at least part of it is you.

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AZUZ (voice-over): When you have to do research for a paper or a report, chances are you`re not running to grab a book off the shelf. You`re doing what we do. We go online, and that`s where Britannica says it`ll focus now, its digital encyclopedia. It`s been publishing an online version since 1994.

The company`s president says a lot of people might call the decision to stop printing encyclopedias the end of an era. But he says it`s no big deal for Britannica. Printed encyclopedias were less than 1 percent of Britannica`s total sales.

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AZUZ: We`ve reported on schools that are trying the same sort of thing as Britannica, replacing textbooks with e-readers. But our next story is about a school in Silicon Valley, a region that`s home to major technology companies. But this school is heading in the opposite direction, not just low-tech, no-tech. Dan Simon explains what this is all about.

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DAN SIMON, CNN REPORTER (voice-over): The Waldorf School of the Peninsula, a school with old-fashioned chalkboards and a curriculum centered around physical activity and hands-on tasks.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: All the way over.

SIMON (voice-over): Third graders using balls to help coordinate both sides of the brain, high school students drawing on a chalkboard as a way of interpreting a book. This school has zero technology, nada, no computers, no Internet. Matthew`s daughter used to attend a school where every child had a laptop.

SABRINE MENGERINK, STUDENT: I think I prefer it much better without them, because it`s a distraction. I didn`t really feel connected to the other students as much as I do in Waldorf.

SIMON (voice-over): At a time where some schools are now embedding social media into their teaching, like this school in Los Angeles --

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Remember, Damian, make sure you have a # in front of the wwi.

SIMON (voice-over): -- the Waldorf School looks like something from another era. Yet 75 percent of the school`s families have at least one parent working in high-tech.

SIMON: Why do you feel people who work in high technology choose to send their children to a school that preaches no technology?

LUCY WURTZ, WALDORF SCHOOL OF THE PENINSULA: Well, it`s amazing, when parents go on tour and they come on our campus, a lot of people feel like it`s just a really natural way to raise children.

SIMON (voice-over): Lucy Wurtz is the school`s development director and helped establish a Waldorf High School in 2007. Her husband is a prominent Silicon Valley executive.

WURTZ: Sometimes people feel like life is going way too fast, and they want their children to have a more natural, slow-paced developmental childhood. So I think that`s what we provide at the Waldorf School.

SIMON (voice-over): One hundred sixty Waldorf Schools are spread across the country. Students don`t take standardized tests, so its success in comparison to other schools is difficult to measure, but its leaders boast that 94 percent of its graduates go on to college.

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UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Time for a Shoutout Extra Credit. Which of these countries is observing a national holiday on Saturday? You know what to do. Is it Ecuador, Ireland, Morocco or Georgia? Another three seconds on that clock and go.

Saturday is St. Patrick`s Day and the national holiday of Ireland. That`s your answer and that`s your Shoutout.

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AZUZ: As you well know, the celebration isn`t limited to Ireland. St. Patrick`s Day festivities happen all over the place. They`ve been going on in the United States for 275 years.

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AZUZ (voice-over): The first St. Patrick`s Day celebration in the U.S. happened in Boston back in 1737. New York held its first St. Patrick`s Day parade 250 years ago. And these days that one is the largest St. Patrick`s Day parade in the world. More than 150,000 people march in it every year.

According to the U.S. Census information from 2010, more than 34 million Americans say they have Irish ancestors. That`s more than seven times the population of Ireland.

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AZUZ: Well, the economy is something constantly in the news. You hear the president and members of Congress talk about it, experts and analysts look at different economic indicators. But you don`t always get opinions from everyday people, and that`s exactly who you`re going to hear from in CNN.com`s new "Across the Board" segment. Watch this.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

(MUSIC PLAYING)

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Stop greed.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: My son-in-law`s been underemployed for the past two years. This really put a hardship on my daughter and my grandchildren. I really want to see something good happen to them this year.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: People are forgetting about the middle class in the U.S. We`re so focused on the poor and the rich that we forget about actual (inaudible).

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: In general, a lot of people nowadays are spending way above and beyond their means. Basically try to, you know, live a little more frugally.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: All right. Before we go, get ready for some mechanized mayhem.

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AZUZ (voice-over): It is Europe`s biggest robot competition. You know, they`re supposed to be fighting here, right? OK. One of them just falls over backwards. And this year offered a new category: flying robots. All in all, nearly 300 self-built bots faced off in different competitions. Might want to test that guy. Looks like he`s on the juice.

And this mechanical monster is hoping to get a leg up on the competition. That`s the kind of event that`ll really test your "metal." We`re not too worried about the nuts and bolts of the competition. We just hope everyone was geared up to have a good time. That`s all the time we`re going to "steel" from you, though.

Quick shoutout to the Thunderbirds at Harmony Middle School, who got our social media question right for the second time. So for the rest of you, for next week, the challenge is on. Have a great weekend. We`ll look forward to seeing y`all on Monday. Bye-bye.

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